Get Newsletter
AlzRisk Paper Detail
Back

Reference: Akbaraly, 2009
Cohort: Three-City Study
Risk Factor: Physical Activity


Average Follow-up Time Detail
While the study duration was four years, participants' average follow-up time was not reported.

Exposure Detail
"Leisure activities were assessed at baseline, using 2 different self-report frequency questionnaires, 1 questionnaire for daily leisure activities and 1 for monthly.

"...The frequency of participation for each of these activities was rated on a 3-point scale: 0, never or less than 1 hour per day; 1, 1–2 hours per day; 2, 2 hours per day. In the monthly questionnaire, participants were asked about monthly frequency (0, never or rarely; 1, 1–3 per month; 2, 1 per week; 3, 2 per week) with which they engaged in the following usual activities.

"...Within each type of frequency questionnaire, the categorization of leisure activities according to their predominantly mental, physical, or social characteristics was drawn from the existing literature.15,16

"...Among the daily leisure activities, doing odd jobs, gardening, and going for a walk items are outside activities and were grouped together for their common physical characteristics as “physical leisure activities” (score ranging from 0 to 6, median score: 3."

Ethnicity Detail
The vast majority (97%) of participants were French speaking and 88% were born in France.

Screening and Diagnosis Detail
Screening Method:
BVRTBenton Visual Retention Test (Benton 1974)
ISTIsaacs' Set Test (Isaacs & Kennie 1973)
MMSEMini-Mental State Examination (Folstein 1975)

AD Diagnosis:
NINCDS ADRDA National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)

Total dementia diagnosis: DSM IV

Vascular dementia diagnosis: NINDS-AIREN

Screening at baseline was based on a 3-step procedure: 1) battery of neuropsycholgical (BVT, IST, MMSE) tests by a trained psychologist 2) examination by a neurologist 3) an independent committee of neurologists reviewed all potential prevalent and incident cases of dementia to obtain a consensus on its diagnosis and etiology according to the criteria of the DSM-IV

Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression

The exposure was analyzed categorically in tertiles.

The model described here was performed on 5698 participants for all-cause dementia and 5394 participants for AD.

AD Covariates:
Aage
Eeducation
Ggender
ADLIactivities of daily living impairment
APOE4APOE e4 genotype
MMSEbaseline MMSE
DEPdepression
DMdiabetes mellitus
HChigh cholesterol
HTNhypertension
MSmarital status
OSOccupational status
SPstudy population
VDvascular disease

TD Covariates:
Aage
Eeducation
Ggender
ADLIactivities of daily living impairment
APOE4APOE e4 genotype
MMSEbaseline MMSE
DEPdepression
DMdiabetes mellitus
HChigh cholesterol
HTNhypertension
MSmarital status
OSOccupational status
SPstudy population
VDvascular disease