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Risk Factors
Alcohol
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Statin use
Reference:
Haag, 2009
Cohort:
Rotterdam Study
Risk Factor:
Statin use
Average Follow-up Time Detail
The average follow-up time for the entire cohort was 9.2 years. The article does not provide the average follow-up time for participants included in this analysis.
Exposure Detail
The investigators ascertained exposure information by accessing pharmacy records which were available after July 1991. They obtained information on filled prescriptions for all participants. The investigators reported results separately for ever/never statin use, lipophilic statin use, non-lipohilic statin use, duration of use, and dosage of use. This entry pertains to results on non-lipophilic statin use.
The investigators compared incident AD risk in two groups: the group of participants who used hydrophilic, or non-lipophilic, statins (pravastatin, fluvastatin, or rosuvastatin) prior to or on the event date (i.e. diagnosis of dementia, end of the study period, or death) ("Ever used") and the reference group of participants who did not use statins or any cholesterol lowering drugs prior to the event date ("Never used"). Approximately 2% of participants had used or were using statins at the time of diagnosis, and 19.4% of total number of filled prescriptions were non-lipophilic statins.
Ethnicity Detail
All participants were residents of the Ommoord district of Rotterdam. No other information regarding ethnicity was given.
Age Detail
All participants were 55 years of age or older.
Screening and Diagnosis Detail
Screening Method:
CAMDEX
Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly
GMS
Geriatric Mental State Schedule (Copeland 1976)
MMSE
Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein 1975)
Neuropsych Testing
Other
AD Diagnosis:
DSM IIIR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III-Revised
NINCDS ADRDA
National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association Criteria (McKhann 1984)
Total dementia definition:
Dementia via DSM-IIIR
A panel consisting of a neurologist, neurophysiologist, and a research physician made diagnoses using a three step process. Participants who had a MMSE score of less than 26 or GMS organic level greater than 0 were considered screen-positives and were asked to take the CAMDEX exam, neurological testing and imaging (if available). The panel made diagnoses of dementia and its subtypes by using DSMIII-R and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria.
Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Cox proportional hazards regression
AD Covariates:
A
age
E
education
G
gender
BMI
body mass index
CVD
cardiovascular disease
CS
cerebrovascular symptoms
DM
diabetes mellitus
SM
smoking status
SBP
systolic blood pressure
TC
total cholesterol
CHLD
use of a cholesterol-lowering drug other than a statin